Police Reform in Fresno CA (Solutions in Paragraph 3)
Police Reform in Fresno CA
What are the current issues faced by the Fresno Police Department in terms of community policing and use of force?
The Fresno Police Department has faced a number of issues in terms of community policing and use of force. One key problem is the use of coercive force by police officers, which is inherently threatening to community members and can damage the department's emphasis on community policing [1]. Additionally, there is a growing concern about police accountability and approachability, as well as the need for better outcomes in community policing efforts [2]. Research conducted at California State University, Fresno highlights a range of issues facing police departments across the country, including concerns around police legitimacy, bias, and the need for reform [3]. Despite this, implementing police reform is difficult in the face of documented police misconduct and a lack of consensus around how best to address these issues [4]. Moreover, with academicians closely watching police reforms, it is difficult for police departments to avoid scrutiny and navigate the complex social-political landscape [5]. Furthermore, many anti-gang campaigns use basic social-science terms like "group" and "coercive force" to address challenges like organized crime and violence [6]. Despite these efforts, some argue that traditional police methods have been ineffective, leading to a growing focus on long-term solutions to societal problems rather than short-term fixes.There is an irony in the movement towards community policing, which has expanded in the shadow of community policing rhetoric and imagery [7]. Finally, police officers may use force to seize property, which can further erode community trust and exacerbate tensions between law enforcement and the public [8].
What has been the response of the Fresno community to these issues?
The Fresno community has had mixed responses to various social problems and policing reforms. One issue that has garnered attention is the homeless population, with concerns ranging from the lack of basic necessities such as running water to the subset of homeless individuals who are involved in criminal activity [9]. Another issue is the need for reform in police-community affairs, particularly in light of high-profile cases involving the killing of Black suspects [10]. However, the response of the Fresno Police Department to these issues has been somewhat guarded. Nonetheless, Fresno is not alone in facing these policing problems, as they are a common issue across many US localities [11]. In response to these challenges, police departments have been exploring new strategies to address community needs, such as implementing community-oriented policing reforms [1]. In addition, there has been a push for greater diversity in police personnel to better reflect the communities they serve [12]. Overall, it is clear that policing is undergoing a period of transition, and while some efforts have been made to address community concerns, more work needs to be done to promote trust and collaboration between law enforcement and the communities they serve [13].
What are the proposed reforms to address these issues, and how effective are they likely to be?
The proposed reforms to regulate the police, while protecting individual liberties and minimizing social costs imposed by the police, have gained traction in recent years. However, the effectiveness of these proposed reforms is not discussed in the given text [14]. Scholars have suggested exploring the full "law of policing," including administrative law, tort law, and criminal law, to create a comprehensive framework for regulating the police [14]. Additionally, scholars should evaluate policing practices to determine what harms they produce, which practices are too harmful, and which are harm efficient [14]. The proposed reforms primarily focus on regulating police authority to enforce the law. These reforms include increasing transparency, accountability, and civilian oversight of law enforcement agencies; reducing police militarization; implementing community-oriented policing strategies; and addressing racial bias in policing [14]. The author advocates for a new agenda for scholars considering the police, one that asks how law and public policy can best regulate the police [14]. While these proposed reforms have the potential to address some of the issues surrounding policing, their effectiveness is yet to be seen. More research and evaluation is needed to determine whether these reforms can have a significant impact on reducing police misconduct and improving community trust in law enforcement.
Statistics: https://policescorecard.org/ca/police-department/fresno
1. Militarizing American police: The rise and normalization of paramilitary units.https://academic.oup.com/socpro/article-abstract/44/1/1/1646485 Accessed 2023-04-05
2. [PDF][PDF] Can technology work for policing? Citizen perceptions of police-body worn cameras.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0275074020945632 Accessed 2023-04-05
3. Students' Perceptions of the Role of Law Enforcement, Police Use of Force, and Defunding the Police.https://search.proquest.com/openview/98a68a80fd6009e1d32c9e67d5bcc0a9/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y Accessed 2023-04-05
4. Implications for social workers in community policing models: an analysis of media.https://search.proquest.com/openview/18f66165b4c0fcd2c35b7d6c60d02541/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y Accessed 2023-04-05
5. Grounded research into US paramilitary policing: Forging the iron fist inside the velvet glove.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10439463.1997.9964777 Accessed 2023-04-05
6. [PDF][PDF] The other side of the COIN: Counterinsurgency and community policing.https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=55ea2a290a726e565030250983bc6b6000a28882 Accessed 2023-04-05
7. Enjoying militarism: Political/personal dilemmas in studying US police paramilitary units.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07418829600093031 Accessed 2023-04-05
8. [BOOK][B] Encyclopedia of Police Science: 2-volume set.https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Il-2AgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Police+Reform+in+Fresno+CA+What+are+the+current+issues+faced+by+the+Fresno+Police+Department+in+terms+of+community+policing+and+use+of+force%3F&ots=Ks0A2biBEJ&sig=2mGEwzGrMjNgDtpoLaByXnW2rAg Accessed 2023-04-05
9. The right to infrastructure: A struggle for sanitation in Fresno, California homeless encampments.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02723638.2016.1142150 Accessed 2023-04-05
10. Policing reforms in the 21st century: an examination of racial diversity post-executive order 13684.https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/PIJPSM-10-2021-0147/full/html Accessed 2023-04-05
11. The roots and implications of the USA's homeless tent cities.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13604813.2015.1071114 Accessed 2023-04-05
12. Racial Diversity in Policing: Do We Need More Asian American Police Officers in Response to the #StopAsianHate Movement?.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00910260221074971 Accessed 2023-04-05
13. [BOOK][B] The evolving strategy of policing.https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=rbNeL4GJSqMC&oi=fnd&pg=PA7&dq=Police+Reform+in+Fresno+CA+What+has+been+the+response+of+the+Fresno+community+to+these+issues%3F&ots=q5By_sBDyi&sig=uWC2N_yY2itgPBnJQ5scRcnFv4Q Accessed 2023-04-05
14. THE PROBLEM OF POLICING on JSTOR.https://www.jstor.org/stable/23216800 Accessed 2023-04-05
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